DBRS Morningstar Finalizes Provisional Ratings on Citigroup Mortgage Loan Trust 2021-RP2

DBRS, Inc. (DBRS Morningstar) finalized its following provisional ratings on the Mortgage-Backed Notes, Series 2021-RP2 (the Notes) issued by Citigroup Mortgage Loan Trust 2021-RP2 (CMLTI 2021-RP2):

-- $512.1 million Class A-1 at AAA (sf)
-- $512.1 million Class A-1-IO at AAA (sf)
-- $554.1 million Class A-2 at AA (high) (sf)
-- $589.2 million Class A-3 at A (high) (sf)
-- $621.8 million Class A-4 at A (sf)
-- $554.1 million Class A-5 at AA (high) (sf)
-- $589.2 million Class A-6 at A (high) (sf)
-- $621.8 million Class A-7 at A (sf)
-- $512.1 million Class A-8 at AAA (sf)
-- $42.0 million Class M-1 at AA (high) (sf)
-- $35.1 million Class M-2 at A (high) (sf)
-- $32.6 million Class M-3 at A (sf)
-- $25.8 million Class B-1 at BB (sf)
-- $19.7 million Class B-2 at B (high) (sf)
-- $16.9 million Class B-3 at B (sf)

Class A-1-IO is an interest-only note. The class balance represents a notional amount.

Classes A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5, A-6, A-7, and A-8 are exchangeable notes. These classes can be exchanged for combinations of exchange notes.

The AAA (sf) rating on the Notes reflects 28.60% of credit enhancement provided by subordinated certificates. The AA (high) (sf), A (high) (sf), A (sf), BB (sf), B (high) (sf), and B (sf) ratings reflect 22.75%, 17.85%, 13.30%, 9.70%, 6.95%, and 4.60% of credit enhancement, respectively.

Other than the specified class above, DBRS Morningstar does not rate any other classes in this transaction.

The Trust is a securitization of a portfolio of seasoned performing and re-performing first-lien residential mortgages funded by the issuance of mortgage-backed notes (the Notes). The Notes are backed by 3,821 loans with a total principal balance of $717,238,556 as of the Cut-Off Date (April 30, 2021).

The mortgage loans, which were purchased from Fannie Mae, are approximately 166 months seasoned. As of the Cut-Off Date, 98.6% of the loans are current, including 1.3% bankruptcy-performing loans. Approximately 73.3% and 97.2% of the mortgage loans have been zero times 30 days delinquent for the past 24 months and 12 months, respectively, under the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) delinquency method.

The portfolio contains 95.6% modified loans. The modifications happened more than two years ago for 91.4% of the modified loans. Within the pool, 2,124 mortgages have aggregate non-interest-bearing deferred amounts of $100,111,453, which comprise approximately 14.0% of the total principal balance.

Approximately 2.7% of the loans in the pool are subject to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Ability-to-Repay and Qualified Mortgage rules. Approximately 2.6% of these loans are designated as either Temporary Safe Harbor or Safe Harbor and 0.1% as non-QM. The remainder of the pool is exempt due to seasoning.

The Seller, Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. (CGMRC), acquired the mortgage loans from Fannie Mae following the award of a bid in connection with a competitive auction for the initial pool. The Seller will then contribute the loans to the Trust through an affiliate, Citigroup Mortgage Loan Trust Inc. (the Depositor). As the Sponsor, CGMRC or one of its majority-owned affiliates will acquire and retain a 5% eligible vertical interest in each class of Notes (other than the Class R Notes) to satisfy the credit risk retention requirements. The loans were originated and previously serviced by various entities.

As of the Cut-Off Date, the loans are serviced by an interim servicer. Such servicing will be transferred to Select Portfolio Servicing, Inc (SPS) on June 14, 2021. There will not be any advancing of delinquent principal or interest on any mortgages by the Servicer or any other party to the transaction; however, the Servicer is obligated to make advances in respect of homeowner association fees in super lien states and in certain cases, taxes and insurance as well as reasonable costs and expenses incurred in the course of servicing and disposing of properties. With respect to mortgage loans that are either subject to loss mitigation or at least 90 days delinquent, the Directing Noteholder may direct the Servicer to arrange for the subservicing of such mortgage loans with a particular subservicer for an agreed-upon subservicing fee.

The transaction employs a sequential-pay cash flow structure. Principal proceeds can be used to cover interest shortfalls on the Notes, but such shortfalls on Class M-2 and more subordinate principal and interest (P&I) bonds will not be paid from principal proceeds until the more senior classes are retired.

CORONAVIRUS IMPACT – REPERFROMING LOAN
The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the resulting isolation measures have caused an economic contraction, leading to sharp increases in unemployment rates and income reductions for many consumers. DBRS Morningstar anticipates that delinquencies may continue to rise in the coming months for many residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) asset classes.

Reperforming loan (RPL) is a traditional RMBS asset class that consists of securitizations backed by pools of seasoned performing and reperforming residential home loans. Although borrowers in these pools may have experienced delinquencies in the past, the loans have been largely performing for the past six to 24 months since issuance. Generally, these pools are highly seasoned and contain sizable concentrations of previously modified loans.

As a result of the coronavirus, DBRS Morningstar has seen increased delinquencies and loans on forbearance plans. Such deteriorations may continue to adversely affect borrowers’ ability to make monthly payments, or refinance their loans.

In connection with the economic stress assumed under its moderate scenario, (see “Global Macroeconomic Scenarios: March 2021 Update,” published on March 17, 2021), for the RPL asset class DBRS Morningstar applies more severe market value decline (MVD) assumptions across all rating categories than it previously used. DBRS Morningstar derives such MVD assumptions through a fundamental home price approach based on the forecasted unemployment rates and GDP growth outlined in the moderate scenario. In addition, for pools with loans on forbearance plans, DBRS Morningstar may assume higher loss expectations above and beyond the coronavirus assumptions. Such assumptions translate to higher expected losses on the collateral pool and correspondingly higher credit enhancement.

DBRS Morningstar generally believes that loans which were previously delinquent, recently modified, or have higher updated loan-to-value ratios (LTVs) may be more sensitive to economic hardships resulting from higher unemployment rates and lower incomes. Borrowers with previous delinquencies or recent modifications have exhibited difficulty in fulfilling payment obligations in the past and may revert to spotty payment patterns in the near term. Higher LTV borrowers with lower equity in their properties generally have fewer refinance opportunities and, therefore, slower prepayments.

In addition, for this transaction, as permitted by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, signed into law on March 27, 2020, 10.8% of the borrowers are in or have completed coronavirus-related relief plans because the borrowers reported financial hardship related to coronavirus. These forbearance plans allow temporary payment holidays, followed by repayment once the forbearance period ends. The interim servicer generally offered borrowers a three-month payment forbearance plan. Beginning in month four, the borrower can repay all of the missed mortgage payments at once or opt to go on a repayment plan to catch up on missed payments for a maximum generally of six months. During the repayment period, the borrower needs to make regular payments and additional amounts to catch up on the missed payments. The interim servicer or the Servicer, as applicable, would attempt to contact the borrowers before the expiration of the forbearance period and evaluate the borrowers' capacity to repay the missed amounts. As a result, the interim servicer or Servicer may offer a repayment plan or other forms of payment relief, such as deferrals of the unpaid P&I amounts, forbearance extensions, or a loan modification, in addition to pursuing other loss mitigation options.

For more information regarding rating methodologies and the coronavirus, please see the following DBRS Morningstar press releases and commentary: DBRS Morningstar Provides Update on Rating Methodologies in Light of Measures to Contain Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), dated March 12, 2020; DBRS Morningstar Global Structured Finance Rating Methodologies and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), dated March 20, 2020; and Global Macroeconomic Scenarios: March 2021 Update, dated March 17, 2021.

The full description of the strengths, challenges, and mitigating factors is detailed in the related rating report.

A description of how DBRS Morningstar considers ESG factors within the DBRS Morningstar analytical framework can be found in the DBRS Morningstar Criteria: Approach to Environmental, Social, and Governance Risk Factors in Credit Ratings at https://www.dbrsmorningstar.com/research/373262.

Notes:
All figures are in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted.

The principal methodology is RMBS Insight 1.3: U.S. Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Model and Rating Methodology (April 1, 2020), which can be found on dbrsmorningstar.com under Methodologies & Criteria.

For more information regarding rating methodologies and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), please see the following DBRS Morningstar press release: https://www.dbrsmorningstar.com/research/357883.

For more information regarding structured finance rating methodologies and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), please see the following DBRS Morningstar press release: https://www.dbrsmorningstar.com/research/358308.

The rated entity or its related entities did participate in the rating process for this rating action. DBRS Morningstar had access to the accounts and other relevant internal documents of the rated entity or its related entities in connection with this rating action.

Please see the related appendix for additional information regarding the sensitivity of assumptions used in the rating process.

The full report providing additional analytical detail is available by clicking on the link under Related Documents below or by contacting us at info@dbrsmorningstar.com.

For more information on this credit or on this industry, visit www.dbrsmorningstar.com or contact us at info@dbrsmorningstar.com.

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